Sunday, February 21, 2016

The prediction for the returns of different asset classes in the next couple of years.

Sorry for the absence from this blog for a long while. Was very occupied with many things, including investing. It was also because I have been using Wechat moment posts to broadcast my view on global macro in China as the fund that I am advising has mostly Chinese clientele. Time constraints means I was not to translate those views to English and post here. Below is a prediction piece that I wrote on February 21, 2016 about the returns of different asset classes in the next couple of years. As it is more important, I put the Chinese and English versions here in public view. Let’s see if I can be as accurate as I have been in the past 15 years. Here is the message:

On Thursday, February 18, 2016, I saw some pattern of market on the verge of another leg down. But as it was just after three days of a big relief rally, I was not sure if we can have another leg down so quickly given that it seems that although US markets have reached the full extent of allowed bounce, the other markets may not. I posted on Wechat moments about my suspicion of another leg down but I need more evidence. Friday’s market movement convinced me that this is the case. So I post on my Wechat moments that all friends should be very careful. When I check on Saturday, I find that all global markets have stayed around the technical support points. So it is possible that the downward adjustment next week is just a small one, and we could even have a bounce up, continuing the rally. This is important as my kind reminder may make some friend worried for nothing, I look through all the markets and asset classes carefully. I realize that most of the markets, not just the US markets, have bounced to close or at the full extent. So next week, we can have some bigger leg down, including Chinese A shares, and the leg down can start from Asian trading hours, which is different from the last two trading sessions when we have the leg down after US markets open.

Much more important than this short term movement is that all asset classes in all global markets are at a crucial point from a long term point of view. If markets keep jumping like what we had in the last year, most likely all markets will experience a big bear market. Whether we will also have economic recession is not a sure thing yet, but the volatility of markets can feed back into economy. At the same time, governments are not paying enough attention (US Fed even keep talking about rate hikes), or are occupied by other issues (European immigration issue and the crazy austerity straightjacket). This serious tightening of financial condition can lead to a global economic recession, which will in turn make the bear market even more severe. Although the momentum is not completely irreversible at this point, this possibility is bigger and bigger, flashing red light already. This economic recession may not be as scary as 2008, but will still be quite scary. After all, global markets have not experienced real bear markets, and global economy has not experience global recession for eight years. Note that a large part of the severity of the 2008 crisis is due to the monumental tightening of financial conditions after Lehman Brothers crash.

If we continue on this torturing path in global markets, SP500 will drop from the current 1915 level to at least 1600, Nasdaq from 4160 to 3000, Hong Kong Hang Seng from 19300 to 11000, Japan Nikkei from 15900 to 11000, German Dax from 9400 to 7500. At the same time, Japanese Yen will increase from 113 to 60, and Euro from 1.10 to 1.80, per USD. Yen, Euro, Hang Seng may need a few years to reach the price target. The rest will likely be realized in the next year.

So it would be foolish for investors to bet on bounce up or bull markets. They should put all money into cash or longest term developed government bonds. Gold may be a good bet in the next few months or a year, and should increase from 1200 to 1400 an ounce. I am not sure about its longer term future yet.


Markets are an evolving process. So I can be wrong in the end. But without preemptive, huge scale government actions soon, and just reacting after the risks already become fruition, or even creating uncertainty and tightening financial condition like the crazy US Fed (especially Fischer), I think it is a likelihood the above risks will explore in our face. Even government take huge actions now, it may only be effective in the short term, and is only ineffective in the long term, at least from market point of view. I still have some unsure hope for the effectiveness of government actions for the economy but even that is wearing thin. What if we will never get back to prior trend growth rate we experience in the last six decades? Also, the governments are barking on the wrong tree unless they focus on increasing final demand instead of focusing on productivity, reform, infrastructure, competitiveness, and other sounds good but useless or even harmful things.

接下来一两年的预测

好久没有再在这个网址发我的评论了,因为过去这段时间我一直在使用微信通过微信朋友圈发中文的宏观投资评论。因为时间忙,所以就没有把中文的评论翻译成英文放到这里。2/21/2015写了一个关于接下来一两年宏观投资的预测,觉得比较重要,所以把它放在这里,这次看看我是否跟过去一样准确。

周六一看,周五各个市场到收盘都守住了关键点, 所以有可能下周的调整只是一个比较小的向下调整, 甚至上涨都不是不可能。因为事关重大,怕我一番好意,反而让有些朋友白白受惊,又把全球各类资产都仔细看了一遍,觉得很多市场其实已经反弹到位, 不只是美股已经反弹到位, 所以下周还是有可能会大一点向下调整,包括A股, 而且这个调整很有可能在亚洲交易时间就已经开始, 而不是像过去两个交易日,在美国开盘以后开始。

更重要的全球各类资产长期来说都已经到了一个很关键的点,如果市场再这样折腾下去,很可能各大类市场都会有很大的熊市。是否经济衰退还不知道,但是市场的震荡很可能反馈到经济, 而政府并没有给与足够的重视,或者忙于处理其他问题, 从而导致一个全球的经济萧条。虽然还没有最后形成不可逆转的趋势, 这个可能性越来越大了。 这个经济萧条可能不会像2008这么可怕,但是也会足够可怕, 毕竟全球市场已经几乎八年都没有真正的熊市。

如果再这样继续折腾下去,标普会从现在的1915至少跌到1600纳斯达克可能从现在的4160跌倒3000,恒生可能从现在的19300跌倒11000,日经可能从15900跌到11000,德国dax可能从9400跌倒7500 日元从113涨到60,欧元从110涨到180 日元,欧元,恒生可能需要长一点,几年,的时间达到,但是其他有可能接下来一年就会实现。 

所以投资者可能根本不要去搏反弹或者牛市, 而是全部放现金或者买长期国债。 黄金在接下来几个月甚至一年应该还是可以持有, 应该可以从1200涨到1400长期也不知道会不会又继续下跌。

场是一个不断演化的机制,所以最终我也可能出很大的错误。但是如果没有预防性的,大规模的政府对应行动和措施,而是等风险出现以后再采取行动, 甚至像美联储那样的故意造成不确定性和紧缩金融状态,个人觉得以上的风险是大概率,甚至政府即使现在大力救助,短期有用,也无法长期有用。

可能有很大错误,完全一番好意,如果觉得一派胡言,多多包涵,忘了就是。

Thursday, December 11, 2014

Time to underweight stocks and overweight cash; risk off

I have done that a few days ago. The Fed seems to be eager to raise rates prematurely. China's greedy yet silly investors are near the peak of their upward push. Good news in the rest of the world is largely priced in and we can have some bad news coming like what mentioned above. 

Friday, November 7, 2014

我为什么3年多前预测中国经济大幅放缓?六张图表解释中国的根本经济问题和必要的改革。



三年前,当我预测中国的GDP可能会在五年内(AB部分)放至低至3%,几乎无人同意。即使今天越来越多的人开始接受中国经济现实,大多数仍预计率在7%左右。解释为什么我做了我的预测可能有助于澄清辩论中不必要的混乱,并且有助于明中国实现更加平衡的增需要解决的根本经济问题。也令人惊是,我去几年演讲中已使用的六个表足以把这些最复杂的问题讲清楚

Chart 1

图一表明了,对中国来说,目前的出口和投资驱动型增长模式经济转型是多么刻不容缓的。它包括中国的投资和储蓄占GDP的百分比。在我们开始解说之前,让我们介绍一下国民帐户恒等式:储蓄减去投资等于经常账户余额。图1显示,2007年左右,储蓄超过了GDP50%,超过了投资达约GDP10%。这是中国GDP全年贸易顺差达到约10%GDP的根本原因。考虑到中国的较大经济规模,这种大幅度的外部失衡的金额巨大,从而导致中国与贸易伙伴之间产生较大摩擦。 2008年以后,由于大幅增加投资的同时,储蓄依然停留在2008年之前水平(如图图1),中国贸易顺差占GDP的百分比的显著下降。因此,许多专家得出的“中国已成功地调整其外部失衡”的结论其实是错误的。事实上,中国只是用投资激增来掩盖其不平衡增长。现在,大多数人,包括中国总理,也这是认识到中国经济增长模式不可持续的。

但是,如果中国降低了其浪费性投资,而没有使储蓄率更快的下降,外部不平衡将再度增长。这对于处于经济衰退或复苏缓慢的中国的贸易伙伴来说是不可忍受的,尤其是考虑到国内生产总值相同的百分比的经常账户盈余现在意味着多得多的金额(自2007年以来中国国内生产总值按美元计价增长了约80%)。因此,中国正处于一块石头(持续浪费性投资)和一个硬东西(一个迫在眉睫的贸易战)之间。中国需要抓紧降低储蓄率。因为历史表明,在那些控制供应和控制市场国家之间的贸易战争中,一般都以后者胜利为结局。在和平时期,还没有哪个国家达到并长期维持像中国一样的投资和储蓄水平。中国的储蓄率和投资率比其他国家,包括例如,德国,其他东亚国家,或其他儒家文化的国家,要高得多。这表明这些国家与中国的共性并不能解释中国极高的储蓄率。
Chart 2A


Chart 2B


2采用模拟的方式表明了中国重新平衡到以消费驱动的增长模式的道路将是漫长和艰难的。注意另一个全国会计恒等式:GDP是消费,投资,政府支出和净出口的总和。为简单起见,图2假定中国会以与过去十年同样的增速增加其消费和政府开支(各约8%和9%)并且净出口量占GDP的百分比相同。这样中国老百姓不需要乱。它还假定政府支占GDP的比重一旦达到19%(经济合作与发展组织国家的平均水平)则将保持不变。图2A显示,在今后的10年里,如果消费在GDP的百分比增长到一个较低但是更合理的水平,如从目前占GDP34%增长到50%,那么年投资增长率需要下降至-3%,中国的GDP平均增长率将下降至约4%。相比之下,OECD国家的消费在GDP的百分比平均是63%。图2b显示,在今后的20年里,如果消费从目前占GDP34%增长到50%,那么年投资增长需要下降至2%,中国的GDP平均增长率将下降至约6%。加入转型中的波动,不难想象一些年份的GDP增长会不到4%。因此,未来十年希望GDP增长率保持在7.5%是天方夜谭,并且再平衡所需的时间会比许多人期望的长很多。图2采取了慷慨的假设以确保中国人的满意度变化不大;如果老百姓的消费增长能像过去十年一样,那么发生革命或社会混乱的可能性就很小了。然而,中国在浪费了这么多的资源于投资后,如何获得足够的资源以支持消费增长将会是一个显著的挑战。我们将在后面的段落继续讨论。

Chart 3


1和图2表明,对于中国重新平衡,中国需要减少储蓄,增加消费。对于储蓄来讲,人们往往把重点放在老百姓储蓄,而现实情况是,中国必须减少所有经济成分的储蓄。图3显示了各经济成分的储蓄在过去十年中大幅增加。

Chart 4


4说明了中国经济中除了老百姓储蓄以外的其他储蓄是由于老百姓的钱被征收并用来结构性补贴这些其他各部分经济成分:通过低估汇率来补贴出口企业,通过负实际利率来补贴投资者,通过金融抑制来补贴银行,通过压低工人工资来补贴生产者,通过允许垂直结构让国有企业占据上游产业并向从他们那里购买原料的下游产业征收垄断利润来补贴国有企业,通过玩弄金融市场,如股票债券市场,的投资者来补贴主版的国企,创业版的私企,和铁公基等使用融资的团体。比如中国的股票市场的主旨一直是为国企融资服务,为政府提高组织投资的财源,而不是为投资者赚钱。这些被征税的家庭同时预期刚性义务,如养老,医疗保健和儿女教育,而更加增加储蓄。这是消费减少的根本原因。

Chart 5


5显示消费占GDP的百分比下降主要的原因是减少了的劳动收入:消费和劳动收入占GDP的百分比急剧下降,而且是同步的。这证实了一个简单的事实:赚得少,花的少。

Chart 6


6显示,如果中国想要重新平衡,则必须停止并逆转通过老百姓征隐形税来补助其他经济成分。中国需要让市场决定汇率。这样老百姓就不需要补贴出口商。中国需要让市场决定利率,这样老百姓就不需要补贴投资的人和银行。中国需要提高工人的工资;需要国有企业私有化,尤其是处于上游并收集的垄断租金的国企。中国需要改革市场,让它们成为老百姓获得投资回报的渠道。这将减少中国的储蓄率。如果考虑到经济实体的债务诸如地方政府,中国的政府债务已经翻了好几番,再加上中国已经做了很多浪费性投资,那么找到维持快速的消费增长的资金的途径是越来越少。这些途径包括逆转对老百姓征隐形税,以增加劳动收入和消费。土地改革应可以提供一次性现金转移给农民,并且政治阻力较小。一个政治上更加困难但有最终需要的途径是私有化垄断国企,用获取资金提供免费教育,社会保障和医疗保健。

此外,人均收入在中国还较低,中国距科技前沿还很远。这意味着,中国仍然有很大的增长潜力。但增长潜力本身并不能保证高增长。如果想要极大地释放中国人的生产力,中国政府需要削减渗透于经济每一个角落的政府干预。中国政府需要让中国人有自由去追求自己的目标,并帮助他们成功。中国政府还需要向传统的弱势群体比如农民和低收入人群提供更好的服务,如教育和医疗保健,这样能够在更大的程度上充分利用这些人力资源。唾手可得的成果几近消失,不彻底改革中的攻坚部分缺迟迟没有启动。但是,如果改革彻底成功的话,中国能够避免急剧增加的内部社会矛盾和外部贸易摩擦,并最终享受到更平衡的经济增长。